Gastroenteritis (also known as gastro, gastric flu, and stomach flu although unrelated to influenza) refers to inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, involving both the stomach and the small intestine (see also gastritis and enteritis) and resulting in acute diarrhea. The inflammation is caused most often by infection with certain viruses, less often by bacteria or their toxins, parasites, or adverse reaction to something in the diet or medication. Worldwide, inadequate treatment of gastroenteritis kills 5 to 8 million people per year,[1] and is a leading cause of death among infants and children under 5.[2]
At least 50% of cases of gastroenteritis as foodborne illness are due to norovirus.[3] Another 20% of cases, and the majority of severe cases in children, are due to rotavirus. The third significant viral agent is astrovirus.
Many different bacteria can cause gastroenteritis, including Salmonella, Shigella, Staphylococcus, Campylobacter jejuni, Clostridium, Escherichia coli, Yersinia, and others. Some sources of the infection are improperly prepared food, reheated meat dishes, seafood, dairy, and bakery products. Each organism causes slightly different symptoms but all result in diarrhea. Colitis, inflammation of the large intestine, may also be present.
Risk factors are consumption of improperly prepared foods or contaminated water and travel or residence in areas of poor sanitation. The incidence is 1 in 1,000 people.
It often involves stomach pain or spasms (sometimes to the point of being crippling), diarrhea and/or vomiting, with noninflammatory infection of the upper small bowel, or inflammatory infections of the colon.[7][4][1][8]
It usually is of acute onset, normally lasting fewer than 10 days and self-limiting.
- Nausea and vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Loss of appetite
- Abdominal pain
- Abdominal cramps
- Bloody stools (dysentery – suggesting amoeba, Campylobacter, Salmonella or Shigella infections)
- Fainting and Weakness
The main contributing factors include poor feeding in infants. Diarrhea is common, and may be (but not always) followed by vomiting. Viral diarrhea usually causes frequent watery stools, whereas blood stained diarrhea may be indicative of bacterial colitis. In some cases, even when the stomach is empty, bile can be vomited up.
A child with gastroenteritis may be lethargic, suffer lack of sleep, or run a low fever and have signs of dehydration, which include dry mucous membranes, tachycardia, reduced skin turgor, skin color discoloration, sunken fontanelles and sunken eyeballs and darkened eye circles, poor perfusion and ultimately shock.
Symptoms may occur for up to 6 days. Given appropriate treatment, bowel movements will return to normal within a week after that.
Medicine I am having: -
1. Romesec - Romesec is most commonly used for patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease or ulcers; to reduce symptoms and prevent injury of the stomach, intestines, and the esophagus. Romesec does this by reducing the amount of acid produced in the stomach. Patients with zollinger-ellison syndrome and certain cancers can also benefit from this medication.
2. Lacteol - Treatment of irritable bowels
3. Meteospasmyl – It is intended to treat gastro-intestinal pain with distension.
4. Metoclopramide – is a potent dopamine receptor antagonist used for its antiemetic and prokinetic properties. Thus it is primarily used to treat nausea and vomiting, and to facilitate gastric emptying in patients with gastroparesis.
In short, I am not well, so on "DND" mode.